Hitchcock s Rear Window ( 1954 ) Essay - 1026 Words

Hitchcock’s Rear Window (1954) builds a distinct view of the world and how, in the director’s opinion, men and women fit in it. Through dialogue and mise-en-scene, Hitchcock’s always seems to be making a statement about how men and women should be viewed in his films. Rear Window pinpoints some recurring elements about men and women present in multiple Hitchcock films, where men are shown as damaged and needing help, while women are shown as care-givers. Men are always reluctant to take action, until the desire of the women to solve the mystery presses them into confrontation. Men think women are interested in money or status or success, while women are only interested in love. Love and marriage are also a recurring theme within Hitchcock’s works, and it can be explored through various lenses, but in this essay I will explore it through gender roles and voyeurism, specifically in Rear Window. All of the characters in Rear Window are described at one point or another in terms of their marital status and in terms of their relationships with the opposite sex. The crime on which the plot pivots is the result of a failed marriage. The hero of the film, L.B. Jefferies, tosses the proposal of marriage around throughout the film despite his opposition to commitment. In Spellbound (1945), John thinks he’s not worth loving. In Psycho (1960), Sam thinks his debt is too much to overcome, and therefore thinks a marriage wouldn’t work. But in Rear Window (1954), marriage itself is given aShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Rear Window1083 Words   |  5 Pagesfilms so alike. Both films have interesting characters that lead the story, and both Kazan and Hitchcock take advantage of that by allowing those characters to provide depth to their respective worlds. Rear Window, directed by Alfred Hitchcock and released on August 1st, 1954 follows a newspaper photographer with a broken leg, who passes time recuperating by observing his neighbors through his window. He sees what he believes to be a murder, and decides to solve the crime himself (but with the helpRead MoreTheme Of Voyeurism1768 Words   |  8 PagesSolve Murders Since 1954 Alfred Hitchcock has always been known for his suspenseful and action filled films. His 1954 production of the movie Rear Window is no contradiction to that. Throughout Rear Window, many different motifs and themes are splayed out for the audience to dwell upon. One well seen theme is voyeurism. Within the movie, the audience is challenged with this theme, and left with the uncertainty about the power of voyeurism. Some critics believe that Hitchcock even went so far asRead MoreTechniques used in Alfred Hitchcocks The Rear Window1579 Words   |  4 PagesMarta Alfred Hitchcock was an amazing director and his films have lived on and are still thriving today due to the techniques he used in his films and the way he created them. He was known for taking the least probable scenarios and turning them into a masterpiece just by playing with light and form or angles. Some of these films are Psycho, Perfect Crime, The Man Who Knew Too Much and Rear Window. At first it was quite difficult to pinpoint a particular film to choose as he used brilliant techniquesRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Hitchcock s Rear Window And The Magic Circle2158 Words   |  9 Pages Symbolism is heavily demonstrated in Alfred Hitchcock’s 1954 Rear Window and Question s 2015 The Magic Circle. Both works have strengthened the idea that movie directors or game developers narrative forms can virtually implant a part of the audience into the works and have a direct impact on the interpretations of them by using symbols. Conversely, Rear Window and The Magic Circl e have their own unique narrative techniques in order to call forth the symbols of each work. Even thoughRead MoreBook Review : Rear Window By Alfred Hitchcock900 Words   |  4 Pagesthis curiosity that almost turns this mystery thriller into a tragedy. Rear Window was produced by Paramount Studios and is directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Rear Window was filmed in 1954 and IMBD gives the movie a rating of 8.5 out of 10. The main characters of Rear Window are played by James Stewart (L.B. Jefferies), Grace Kelly (Lisa Carol Fremont), Wendell Corey (Det. Lt. Thomas J. Doyle), and Thelma Ritter (Stella) (â€Å"Rear Window†). L.B. Jefferies is a photographer who is wheel-chair bound due to aRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Hitchcock s Rear Window1755 Words   |  8 Pagesable to pinpoint aspect of film studies that the average individual wouldn t have a clue about. Each film that we have viewed has had it s very own genre, director, and also time frame in which it took place. Throughout this essay you ll see the differences and slight similarities that are provided about two different films. â€Å"Rear Window† by Alfred Hitchcock which has a variety of different camera angles and sound differences unlike the film ,â€Å"Do Things The Right Way† by Spike Lee. â€Å"Do Things TheRead MoreRear Window Directed By Alfred Hitchcock Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesto be and follow are ever changing in today’s current society. However, in 1954, gender roles were very specific and it is shown throughout the film, Rear Window directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Through this film, gender ideologies are challenged but ultimately remain unshattered. The film produces an obvious view of women as the caretakers, and fragile in comparison to men who are the main providers. As the plot of Rear Window develops, characters continue to maintain the time periods gender ideologiesRead MoreMovie, Rear Window, By Alfred Hitchcock1150 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual must have to continue. Alfred Hitchcock’s 1954 film, Rear Window, is a riveting thriller that is based on Cornell Woolrich’s short story â€Å"It Had to be Murder†.   This film tells a narrative about an adventurous photographer, Jeffrie s played by James Stewart, who after breaking his leg is forced to remain shackled to a wheelchair within his home. To cope with boredom, he takes the liberty of observing his neighbors through one of his windows. It is through this pastime that he comes to believeRead MoreReview Of Gone Girl 1188 Words   |  5 PagesAnastasia Makroliolios Thriller Critique Task Gone Girl (2014) Mr Rhys Cassidy 12B 2015 Sir Alfred Hitchcock, director of several of the very first thriller films including his silent film The Lodger (1926), is believed to be the â€Å"Master of Suspense† (Ramirez Berg, 2015). Hitchcock was integral in creating the codes the codes and conventions of the thriller genre. These codes and conventions can be seen in some of Hitchcock’s films such as Vertigo (1958), Rope (1948) and PsychoRead MoreVoyeurism In Rear Window1767 Words   |  8 PagesHitchcock began his career in the early 1920s as a silent filmmaker, and rose to fame after his first successful silent thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927). As sound technology progressed and became more accessible to filmmakers and movie theaters, Hitchcock began to work in sound. However, for the remainder of his career, Hitchcock was profoundly influenced by what he called ‘pure cinema’. This idea represents the film medium and its affective and expressive capabilities, unconstrained

Marketing Analysis Sports Marketing Essay - 2388 Words

Executive summary Sports marketing are one of the most vital uses in the field of marketing nowadays. Many companies have a trend to use sports and sports celebrity in developing their marketing campaign because they have the ability to influence others and they already are role models for a wide share of consumers in the marketplace. So, companies benefit from their popularity and reputation for its brand awareness. Especially some companies in the food and beverages industry which are concentrated on the marketing campaign and make a huge number of expenditure and its budget. Pepsi have many product lines, it introduces a product line for soda which includes many versions such as Pepsi, Mirnda, Seven Up, and other version of Mirinda like Orange and Apple. The second product line is related to the juice. The third category is related to Aquafina mineral water. There are width of every line and versions for every product. List of contents Executive summary page 2 Introduction page 4 Case study page 5 The target customer page 6 The unique selling proposition page 6 Sport marketing mix page 8 Pricing strategy page 10 Distribution strategy page 10 Promotion strategy page 10 Product strategy page 11 Conclusion page 12 References page 13 Introduction Pepsi usually use the sports to market its products. The marketing campaign for Pepsi mainly depends on the sportsShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Pegasus Sports International3010 Words   |  13 PagesInternational. Pegasus Sports International is an all-encompassing skating gear manufacturer with intentions of conducting SkateTours in an attempt to take skaters outside and develop their talents. The main goal when it comes to Pegasus Sports International is to develop market share in the young people market between the ages of 14 to 35. Since skating is currently a thriving sport, with this objective in mind, our company has made the decision of utilizing musical talent as well as sports talent to makeRead MoreNba General Manager Of A Nba Team1206 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness partnerships or negotiating to build new team facilities. Sports Marketing A sport management degree is like a business degree so it opens up the job variety to jobs like Sports Marketing. A sports marketer can work at the college and professional level doing all things business and advertising for a team or sport organization. Sports marketing follow the four P which are price, product, promotion, and place. Sport marketing controls all parts of the sporting business which are broadcastingRead MoreMarketing And Competitive Analysis Of London Sports Games1490 Words   |  6 Pagesfurther running the economy. As the majority of students do not have a lot of disposable income, the free admission for students will be a huge competitive advantage. SOCIAL: Attending sports games is a very social activity that people tend to do in groups rather than alone, this is very beneficial to our marketing campaign as for every person we market too, a small group finds out about the event. By increasing attendance, we are generating a social hub which will be appealing for people consideringRead MoreThe Worth Of Sport Event Sponsorship A5132 Words   |  21 PagesJournal of Management and Marketing Research The worth of sport event sponsorship: an event study Jin-Woo Kim The University of Texas at Arlington Abstract The authors investigate the relationship between sports-related event sponsorship and stock market valuation and identify factors that influence the financial rewards of sponsorship using World Cup and PGA tour sponsorship data. In particular, relationship between sports sponsorship with financial performance is examined in terms of sponsorshipRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Nikes The Modern Girl Of Sport And Fitness 1604 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Coined the â€Å"Modern Girl of Sport and Fitness,† one of Nike’s increasingly profitable and rapidly growing consumer markets is young adult females who wish to be comfortable and fashionable at both the gym and in their daily lives. This consumer base has also been characterized by the term â€Å"athleisure† – a combination of an athletic look with a comfortable and fashionable feel. This market continues to grow, with approximately â€Å"46 percent of women between the ages of 19 and 34† becomingRead MoreHow Sports Managers Successfully Market Their Organization And / Or A New Product?1457 Words   |  6 PagesHow might sports managers successfully market their organization and/or a new product? Introduction Although marketing is described to involve a variety of activities, such as production, pricing, sales and advertising, the focus of it is to satisfy the needs or desires of consumers without no doubt (Smith and Stewart, 2014). ‘The customer is the alpha and omega of marketing’ (Kahle and Close, 2011, p.2). In other words, the customer is the starting points and ending points of marketing. In turnRead MoreCase Study : Advantage Kayaks : A Marketing Plan1549 Words   |  7 PagesKayaks – A Marketing Plan Assignment Topic: Your task is to prepare information that may be used for a marketing plan. Identify one product / service from your own business or from another business with which you are familiar. Write a report about the selected product / service. In your report you should include: †¢ Current marketing situation with background data on the market, product, competition, and distribution. Keep this discussion brief. †¢ Market analysis through a SWOT analysis. MakeRead MoreCase Study Demographics are very important part in marketing a brand or tournament research.900 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Demographics are very important part in marketing a brand or tournament research. Demographics involve the study of populations, they represent the influence that these populations have on the market. Understanding and knowing the demographics of the sport of tennis in a particular region, will assist in shaping the marketing plan. Identifying relevant demographics can help James Green in marketing a plan to attract spectators and keep them coming back. Improving and sustaining the popularityRead MoreAnalysis of the Marketing Mix for Gatorade1270 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Analysis of the Marketing Mix for Gatorade Introduction Gatorade is a flagship brand of PepsiCo and has a commanding 75% market share of the sports nutrition beverage marketplace globally, being sold into 80 different countries according to the latest PepsiCo annual report published in late 2011. Gatorades success in branding and product marketing has actually expanded the global market for sports nutrition beverages during the late 1990s and into the 21rst century. Recently however the companyRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy1241 Words   |  5 Pages1 GoPro SWOT analysis Strengths Strong brand Strong athlete endorsers Viral Marketing Innovation Products Durability Weaknesses Specific products Expensive accessories and products Increased competition No flash Opportunity Global market is increasing Content delivery technologies Media hosting Viral marketing Threats Hardware company competition (Sony) Media company competition (Facebook) Note. The GoPro SWOT assessment of external and internal environmental elements. 5.0 Marketing Strategy and

Practitioner Perspective on the Importace of Play

Question: Describe about the practitioner perspective on the importace of play in early years setting? Answer: Literature Review In this section, the previous literature or the research papers of the previous researchers found in the area of the research topic will be analyzed to understand the important facts of the research topic. The review aims to introduce the readers interest on the theory and research which is about the play based education in early years. It also signifies the development that is appropriate practice and is the part of early research. The focus of this review is on re-thinking of the concept and challenges which have been and are emerging in the research topic for importance of lay among the early years of children (Edwards, 2013). The topic signifies the benefits of the early years learning through play which can provide the techniques and opportunities to value added learning to all the children in early years. Thus, it required focused thinking that ensures the children at early life engages in social and economic well-being as cultural heritage (Feldman, 2010). Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is considered to be the statutory guidelines for the early children play that lays the learning and development support for play in the school settings and on the relationship with families to set goals (Engel, 2013). EYFS is rooted on the four major principles that are based on the welfare, car, learning wellbeing and development. The principles of EYFS framework includes the positive relation, motivation for play, unique child and learning and development (Fleer, 2010). These principles are interrelated with each other and provide the guidelines for facilitating the environment for childrens learning. This applies to the early childhood settings referring to the children experiences and care for development and learning at their early stage (Wilson, 2015). The fundamentals of this framework is displayed as the view that the life of the being, belonging and becoming are all connected with the background of community, family, culture, and place (Fi edler and Kuester, 2010). The learning and development takes place through the initiation of the above relationships and through most influential practitioners (Daniel, Wassell and Gilligan, 2010). Children in the everyday life participate and develop their own understanding and interest in the learning aspects but the relationships identifies for them what is right learning for the early stage. Children are highly motivated when it comes to play but the adults find it challenging (Baker, 2014). In all the aspects of leaning and development in a child play is important but when it comes to playing children play keeps growing in complexity and this becomes socially and cognitively demanding. At present, there are some government legislations and rules which have a major impact on the early years education of the children. The extent of the research is associated with the differences in the practice and ideology of early years practitioners in relation to play (Maughan and Little, 2010). There is a need to recognize the importance of play in the education curriculum for the young and early stage children. Play has been featured in the thinking of the educators, philosophers for many years (Bird and Edwards, 2014). The new thinking that has emerged in present in the role of play in nurseries, play groups and primary school teachings is the education methods, less theoretical perspectives and practical outcomes as well as close observations and recording of the children play in the videos, gives the early years pedagogy with the positive and long term outcomes for the children. The emphasis on how the practitioners develop the curriculum for the children that encompasses th e interactions, routines, experiences and events that are planned and unplanned for the environment design suitable for the childrens development and learning(Edwards and Bird, 2015). These principle elements support the in-depth knowledge among the practitioners that emphasis the model of clear understanding that involves the educators to develop, clear and understand the world for children (Drake, 2009). The working of the educators drawing for professional knowledge would include the planning, for learning and development of children through engaging them in real play, activities for learning and identify their respective strengths and interest so as to choose appropriate strategies for teaching and learning design (Holman, 2015). The educators have to carefully assess learning among children in the bringing diverse experiences for the knowledge, expectations, skills and perspectives. This lays emphasis on the complex, dynamic and holistic characteristics of the children learning for the play (Maughan and Little, 2010). The aspects of learning include social, personal, physical, emotional, creative cognitive, spiritual and linguistic aspects that are interrelated with each other. Thus in early year childhood curriculum must be set in all experiences, expectations, activities, routines, planning and events that occur in the environment of the children development and learning (Schousboe and Winther-Lindqvist, 2013). The educators practices and professional aspects involve the nurturing and building the relationships, teaching, curriculum decision making and learning activities. According to practitioners, Play is regarded important in the aspects of learning and development of children. This allows the personality expressions and uniqueness (Engel, 2013). Another advantage of the process is that it Enables children for making connections between the new learnings and prior experiences. It has the ability of enhancing the dispositions of creativity and curiosity to develop new creation among the children. It also the power of stimulating the sense of wellness and wellbeing (van Oers, 2012). Assisting the children for developing and focusing on building of relationships and maintaining the balance in physical, emotional, mental wellbeing and health is very important and the early years education helps to achieve this objective. It helps to explore the new materials and discovering their properties by using their knowledge for that material for imaginative play and expressing their emotions and inner feelings (Stephen and Edwards, 2015). Early years education is effective in dealing with play conflicts and learning to negotiate and sharing and solving the issues, probl ems and moving towards independence from support (Macintyre, 2012). It also helps in developing skills in communication and languages. The educators have to establish the caring and decisive relationship with the families and children that enable them in working for the creating a curriculum and learning lessons that are implemented to develop the child (Jarvis, Newman and Swiniarska, 2014). The educators gradually emphasis on the principles for drawing the practices of early learning and play that are based on the perspectives discussed in the section below. The development theory has understanding and focus on the process of change of childrens development and learning with time frame where the socio-cultural theory has an emphasis on the families. This their culture and group play in central role that lays importance for the respectful relationship for childrens learning and hence provide insight to cultural and social contexts of development and learning. The socio behavioral theories emphasize on the focus of the role and experiences in shaping the behavior of the children (Mohler et al., 2009). The critical th eory has an emphasis on the early childhood educators challenges in shaping the curriculum for children and challenges to assume different curriculum for different children. The structuralize theories of the issues of the power, social and equity justice have to focus on the early settings (Moyles, 2010) Play thus, provides the opportunity to children for learning, developing, creating imagining and improvising. Playing with other children helps to figure out ideas, social group and challenges which help to build new understanding and thinking (Wood, 2013). The play provides the supportive environment for the children where they can ask questions, can solve the problems and engage themselves in critically thinking.as play enables to create and enhance the thinking capability among the children and this enhances the desire among them to know more and learn. Thus, the play is regarded as the positive dispositioning promotion for the learning (Mukherji and Albon, 2010). The children are immensely in favor of the play at every point and this ensure their enthusiastic approach towards the early children educators development and learning. The children learning program must focus on the learning curriculum and involve the educators from being the purposeful, deliberated and thoughtful in t he action and decisions. This is concerned with the intentional teachings that initiate the educators to plan the modeling and demonstration of learning and developing session for the children in accordance with the behavior and childs play interest (Edwards and Bird, 2015). They are the ones who plan the opportunities for the intentional knowledge building and teaching. This creates the learning environment that has encouraged the children to explore, create, solve problem and construct their own learning from the activity. This routine of play has recognized the moments that built the learning and development among children. In this literature review, the practitioner has developed the initiation in the context of the young children education for learning and development through play and decisive curriculum for children. Within the society the conditions of the development of play have the powerful ideas where the children learning theories for the educators and practitioners (Prettyman and Lampman, 2011). This applies to the early childhood settings referring to the children experiences and care for development and learning at their early stage. The fundamentals of this framework is displayed as the view that the life of the being, belonging and becoming are all connected with the background of community, family, culture, and place (Williams and McInnes, 2014).The working of the educators drawing for professional knowledge would include the planning, for learning and development of children through engaging them in real play, activities for learning and identify their respective strengths and interest s o as to choose appropriate strategies for teaching and learning design. There have been influential gaps, strengths and weaknesses in the importance of play decisions of practitioners and families for the early child play and its importance. The practitioners decision making and childhood play as it is a childs work and Play is important. This has benefited the children in gaining knowledge, learn to think critically and solve the problems by themselves. Children gain problem solving through the games and puzzles and stimulate their knowledge in critical thinking and socializing (Wood, 2013). This has strengthened their language skills and communication skills. The gaps between the practices and the professional educators for the child play have to be according to the child practice. The importance of play has been affected by the practices of the educators, the curriculum decision making, and behavior of the child and the family background of the children. All these affect the righ t approach for the children in developing their learning and thinking capabilities. Thus in early year childhood curriculum must be set in all experiences, expectations, activities, play routines, planning and events that occur in the environment of the children development and learning by their families (Lightfoot, Cole and Cole, 2013). The educators practices and professional aspects must also involve the nurturing and building the relationships, teaching, curriculum decision making and learning activities. Hence, this research will be a base upon the all the perspective areas for the importance of play among children in their early life. The support from families, technology, educators and society as a whole would influence positively and may be negatively for the importance of play. Positive influence indicates to the role of each member in building the learning platform for the child at his early stage and benefits him from all the decisions, activities and support the development of child through play. On the other hand the negative influences include the child security, his engagement in other activities except play, and engaging them in studies and other competition (Suzanne L. Burton., 2011). The literature review above has supported the research findings and analysis for the importance of play on the practitioners perspective who finds that the early years are the building blocks for childs growth. The topic signifies the benefits of the early years learning through play which c an provide the techniques and opportunities to value added learning to all the children in early years. Parental involvement is a must in every childs early years in play which is not only beneficial for the child but also for the parents to establish understanding of the childs need, his learnings, thinking, development and moving from support towards independence (Alvestad, 2011). This enhances the parent-child playing which open the areas where they share much stronger bond, increase in communication, sharing of values, assisting in problem solving and also allows teachable moments at home. Similar is with the practitioners who perform the same guiding roles for children to communicate their development and learnings in the early years (Brock, 2009). Thus, Play time for the children helps them in their learning and development and also provides the opportunities for child parent comfort and confront and resolving the concerns related to children. The child also builds understandi ng of the others actions and preferences and becomes more socialize. Thus, the practitioners focus is on the development of the child in his early years personal and social both for overall learning and development in his future. References Alvestad, M. (2011). You Can Learn Something Every Day! Children Talk About Learning in Kindergarten Traces of Learning Cultures. International Journal of Early Childhood, 43(3), pp.291-304. Baker, F. (2014). Challenges presented to personal theories, beliefs and practices of play in Abu Dhabi kindergartens: the English Medium teacher perspective. Early Years, 35(1), pp.22-35. Bird, J. and Edwards, S. (2014). Children learning to use technologies through play: A Digital Play Framework. Br J Educ Techno, 46(6), pp.1149-1160. Brock, A. (2009). Perspectives on play. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. Daniel, B., Wassell, S. and Gilligan, R. (2010). Child development for child care and protection workers. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Drake, J. (2009). Planning for children's play and learning. London: Routledge. Edwards, S. (2013). Digital play in the early years: a contextual response to the problem of integrating technologies and play-based pedagogies in the early childhood curriculum. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 21(2), pp.199-212. Edwards, S. and Bird, J. (2015). Observing and assessing young children's digital play in the early years: Using the Digital Play Framework. Journal of Early Childhood Research. Engel, L. (2013). EYFS Best Practice: All about a Teaching in the EYFS. Nursery World, 2013(10). Feldman, R. (2010). Child development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Fiedler, A. and Kuester, I. (2010). Child development and child poverty. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Fleer, M. (2010). Early Learning and Development. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Holman, K. (2015). Research in action: Outdoor play in a childminding setting. Early Years Educator, 16(12), pp.46-52. Jarvis, P., Newman, S. and Swingier L. (2014). On a becoming social the importance of collaborative free play in childhood. International Journal of Play, 3(1), pp.53-68. Lightfoot, C., Cole, M. and Cole, S. (2013). The development of children. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Macintyre, C. (2012). Enhancing learning through play. New York: David Fulton Publishers. Maughan, B. and Little, M. (2010). Child development. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Mohler, G., Yun, K., Carter, A. and Kasak, D. (2009). The Effect of Curriculum, Coaching, and Professional Development on Prekindergarten Children's Literacy Achievement. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 30(1), pp.49-68. Moyles, J. (2010). The excellence of play. Maidenhead England: Open University Press. Mukherji, P. and Albon, D. (2010). Research methods in early childhood. Los Angeles: SAGE. Prettyman, S. and Lampman, B. (2011). Learning culture through sports. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield. Schousboe, I. and Winther-Lindqvist, D. (2013). Children's Play and Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Stephen, C. and Edwards, S. (2015). Digital play and technologies in the early years. Early Years, 35(2), pp.227-227. Suzanne L. Burton., (2011). Learning from Young Children. Rowman Littlefield Education. Thomas, G. (2009). How to do your research project. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd. vanOers, B. (2012). Developmental Education for Young Children. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Williams, J. and McInnes, K. (2014). Planning and Using Time in the Foundation Stage. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Wilson, H. (2015). Albon, D., Rosen, R. (2014). Negotiating Adult Child Relationships in Early Childhood Research. The Journal of Educational Research, 108(5), pp.432-433. Wood, E. (2013). Play, learning and the early childhood curriculum. London: SAGE.

Spartacus free essay sample

A comparison of the movie Gladiator versus the story of Spartacus. This paper examines the story of Spartacus in light of the popular movie Gladiator. It explores his career as a soldier, statesman and warrior and the effect he had on the Roman Empire. It shows how his life as a gladiator was similar to that depicted in the movie and presents us with an understanding of Roman history. The success last year of the movie Gladiator made a number of people turn their attention to what might be called the Ur Roman History Movie Spartacus. But while most of us know the film for Charlton Hestons lean, pre-NRA president look or for the fact that it enjoys a cult standing among gay men of a certain age, very few of us have probably thought much about the real history that lies behind the movie. Indeed many people may well not even know that there was a real person named Spartacus who did in fact lead the Gladiatorial War against Rome in the years 73 to 71 BCE. We will write a custom essay sample on Spartacus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

My Life Is Made of Three C’s

My Life Is Made of Three C’s My Life Is Made of Three C’s I do not remember who told this wise saying Life is a sum of all your choices but in some case it has a reason. Life always provides several ways to resolve any problem or several paths to go. And the only step we take defines next events and processes of our life. I used to believe in an assumption that lives of everyone are already written down in a so-called destiny book and nothing can be changed as it goes how it was predicted by higher reason. But while I was growing older my world perception was changing. I understood that there are two more important factors that have the same influence on human life and my life in particular. These are chances and changes. Together with choices they create a unique system which regulates everything and controls everyone. Chances come from nowhere. At least it seems so. But they come in a moment they are needed the most. For the first time I realized this secret in a high-school when I was thinking about higher education. Knowledge I was receiving was like fresh water for me because I always remembered the words of my mother that knowledge is the essential thing in life in the way to success. I studied hard, I did my best but in one moment I understood that it was not so easy to achieve the precious goal. I realized that my dream began to melt like an ice-cream. I was despaired and did not know what to do. And then I got a chance. It appeared like light in the darkness. The only chance defined my whole life. But it was only a proposition. Then I made a choice. Making a choice always requires responsibility. I realized the risk of a serious step I was going to make. At the same time I recognized the benefit this chance could bring. So having evaluated all pros and cons I made a decision. I clearly remember that moment. I did not have any hesitation. I just knew it was right. Right time, right place and right opportunity. The most important thing was that I was ready to accept that chance. And I can say that chances come when we are ready to meet them. The same happened with me. Sometimes people refuse to take choices and pretend they do not see number of excellent opportunities life provides them. Actually this happens not because they are not attentive or they are exactors. Fear of uncertainty and inability to foresee the future after taking decision makes them hesitate and delay happy destiny. I was always fighting with such fear because I realized that it was spoiling my life considerably. While having a psychological struggle I got an experience of driving out fire with fire. It was really an effective method. I grew older and I grew wiser. I understood that nature of human satisfaction in life depends on changes that occur in life. Good changes bring motivation of further actions. Bad changes break any dream and take away any willingness to self-improvement. That is why I think about the consequences any decision can bring. Changes that came after making choice influenced greatly my life. I have received a new goal and plan of actions. I began to think about how I can improve myself and how can I bring benefit to people and world around me. I do believe that everyone fells more need to be useful to other people than to earn a lot of money. I do believe that I have made the right decision. In conclusion I would like to say that human life is short and my life is not an exception. To fall down is a part of life, to fall on knees means to live itself. To be alive is a gift. To be happy is a choice. I change myself in order to have happy and rewarding life. I get chances and make choices. I do it now because there are two times in a life: now and too late. And I do not want to regret about the lost opportunities.

Why You Should Avoid These Racial Terms

Why You Should Avoid These Racial Terms Ever wonder which term is the appropriate one to use when describing a member of an ethnic minority group? How do you know if you should refer to someone as â€Å"black,† â€Å"African American,† â€Å"Afro American† or something else entirely? Better yet, how should you proceed when members of the same ethnic group have different preferences for what they’d like to be called? Say you have three Mexican  American friends. One wants to be called â€Å"Latino,† the other wants to be called â€Å"Hispanic,† and another wants to be called â€Å"Chicano.† While some racial terms remain up for debate, others are considered outdated, derogatory or both. Find out which racial names to avoid when describing people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Why â€Å"Oriental† Is a No-No What’s the problem with using the term â€Å"Oriental† to describe individuals of Asian descent? Common complaints about the term include that it should be reserved for objects, such as rugs, and not people and that it’s antiquated- akin to using â€Å"Negro† to describe an African American. Howard University Law Professor Frank H. Wu made the comparison in a 2009 New York Times piece about the state of New York banning the use of â€Å"Oriental† on government forms and documents. Washington State passed a similar ban in 2002. â€Å"It’s associated with a time period when Asians had a subordinate status,† Professor Wu told the Times. He added that people link the term to old stereotypes of Asians and the era when the United States government passed exclusion acts to keep Asian people from entering the country. Given this, â€Å"For many Asian Americans, it’s not just this term: It’s about much more†¦It’s about your legitimacy to be here,† Wu said. In the same piece, historian Mae M. Ngai, author of Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, explained that, while the term â€Å"Oriental† isn’t a slur, it’s never been widely used by people of Asian descent to describe themselves. â€Å"I think it’s fallen into disfavor because it’s what other people call us. It’s only the East if you’re from somewhere else,† Ngai said, referring to â€Å"Oriental’s† meaning- â€Å"Eastern.† â€Å"It’s a Eurocentric name for us, which is why it’s wrong. You should call people by what (they) call themselves, not how they are situated in relation to yourself.† Due to the history of the term and the era it evokes, it’s best to follow the leads of New York State and Washington State and delete the word â€Å"Oriental† from your lexicon when describing people. When in doubt, use the term Asian or Asian American. However, if you are privy to someone’s specific ethnic background, refer to them as Korean, Japanese American, Chinese Canadian and so forth. â€Å"Indian† Is Confusing and Problematic While the term â€Å"Oriental† is almost universally frowned upon by Asians, the same isn’t true of the term â€Å"Indian† when used to describe Native Americans. Award-winning writer Sherman Alexie, who is of Spokane and Coeur d’Alene ancestry, has no objection to the term. â€Å"Just think of Native American as the formal version and Indian as the casual one,† he told a Sadie Magazine interviewer who asked the best term to use when referring to America’s indigenous peoples. Not only does Alexie approve of the term â€Å"Indian,† he also remarked that â€Å"the only person who’s going to judge you for saying ‘Indian’ is a non-Indian.† While many Native Americans do refer to each other as â€Å"Indians,† some object to the term because it is associated with explorer Christopher Columbus, who mistook the Caribbean islands for those of the Indian Ocean, which were known as the Indies. As a result of the error, people indigenous to the Americas overall were dubbed â€Å"Indians.† Also problematic is that many hold Columbus’ arrival into the New World responsible for initiating the subjugation and decimation of Native Americans, so they don’t want to be known by a term that he’s credited with popularizing. It’s worth noting, though, that the term â€Å"Indian† is far less controversial than the term â€Å"Oriental.† Not only haven’t states banned the term, there’s also a government agency known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs, not to mention the National Museum of the American Indian. On that note, the term â€Å"American Indian† is more acceptable than simply â€Å"Indian† because, in part, it is less confusing. When someone refers to â€Å"American Indians,† everyone knows the people in question don’t hail from Asia but from the Americas. If you’re concerned about the kind of reception you’ll receive by using the term â€Å"Indian,† consider saying â€Å"indigenous peoples,† â€Å"native peoples† or â€Å"First Nations† peoples instead. But the wisest thing to do is to refer to people by their specific ancestry. So, if you know a particular person is Choctaw, Navajo, Lumbee, etc., call him that rather than using umbrella terms such as â€Å"American Indian† or â€Å"Native American.† Spanish Is Not the Catch-All Term for Spanish-Speaking Peoples Ever heard a person referred to as â€Å"Spanish† who isn’t from Spain but simply speaks Spanish and has Latin American roots? In some parts of the country, particularly cities in the Midwest and on the  East Coast, it’s commonplace to refer to any such person as â€Å"Spanish.† Sure, the term doesn’t carry the baggage that terms such as â€Å"Oriental† or â€Å"Indian† do, but it’s factually inaccurate. Also,  like the other terms  covered, it lumps diverse groups of people together under an umbrella category. In actuality, the term â€Å"Spanish† is quite specific. It refers to people from Spain. But over the years, the term has been used interchangeably with the various peoples from  Latin America  that the Spanish colonized. Due to intermixing, many of the colonized peoples from Latin America do have Spanish ancestry, but that’s only a part of their racial makeup. Many also have indigenous ancestors and, due to the slave trade, African ancestry as well. To call people from Panama, Ecuador, El Salvador, Cuba and so on as â€Å"Spanish† is to erase large swathes of their racial backgrounds. The term essentially designates people who are multicultural as one thing- European. It makes about as much sense to refer to all Spanish-speakers as â€Å"Spanish† as it does  to refer to all English speakers as â€Å"English.† Colored Is Outdated but Continues to Pop up Today Think only octogenarians use terms such as â€Å"colored† to describe  African Americans? Think again. When  Barack Obama  was elected president in November 2008, actress  Lindsay Lohan  expressed her happiness about the event by  remarking  to â€Å"Access Hollywood,† â€Å"It’s an amazing feeling. It’s our first, you know, colored president.† And Lohan’s not the only young person in the public eye to use the term. Julie Stoffer, one of the houseguests featured on MTV’s â€Å"The Real World: New Orleans,† also raised eyebrows when she  referred  to African Americans as â€Å"colored.† More recently,  Jesse James  alleged mistress Michelle Bombshell McGee sought to defuse rumors that shes a white supremacist by  remarking, I make a horrible racist Nazi. I have too many colored friends. What’s to explain for these gaffes? For one thing, â€Å"colored† is a term that never completely exited American society. One of the most prominent advocacy groups for African Americans uses the term in its name- the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. There’s also the popularity of the more modern (and appropriate) term â€Å"people of color.† Some people may think it’s okay to simply shorten that phrase to â€Å"colored,† but they’re mistaken. Like â€Å"Oriental,† â€Å"colored† harkens back to an era of exclusion, a time when  Jim Crow  was in full force, and blacks used water fountains marked â€Å"colored† and sat in the â€Å"colored† sections of buses, beaches, and restaurants. In short, the term stirs up painful memories. Today, the terms â€Å"African American† and â€Å"black† are the most acceptable to use when describing individuals of African descent. Still, some of these individuals may prefer â€Å"black† over â€Å"African American† and vice versa. â€Å"African American† is considered more formal than â€Å"black,† so if you’re in a professional setting, err on the side of caution and use the former. Of course, you can also ask the individuals in question which term they prefer. You may also encounter immigrants of African descent who wish to be recognized by their homelands. As a result, they prefer to be called Haitian-American, Jamaican-American, Belizean, Trinidadian, Ugandan or Ghanaian-American, rather than simply â€Å"black.† In fact, for the 2010 Census, there was a  movement  to have  black immigrants  write in their countries of origin rather than be known collectively as â€Å"African American.† Mulatto Is a Don’t Mulatto arguably has the ugliest roots of the antiquated terms on this list. Historically used to describe the child of a black person and a white person, the term reportedly originates from the Spanish word â€Å"mulato,† which, in turn, originates from the word â€Å"mula,† or mule- the offspring of a horse and a donkey. Clearly, this term is offensive, as it compares the union of human beings to that of animals. Although the word is outdated and offensive, people still use it from time to time. Some biracial people use the term to describe themselves and others, such as author Thomas Chatterton Williams, who used it to  describe  President Obama  and rap star Drake, both of whom, like Williams, have white mothers and  black fathers. While some biracial people don’t object to the term, others balk at its use. Due to the word’s troublesome origins, refrain from using this term in any situation, with one exception:  When discussing opposition to interracial unions in early America, academics and cultural critics often refer to the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"tragic mulatto myth.†Ã‚   This myth characterizes mixed-race people as destined to live unfulfilling lives in which they fit into neither black nor white society. When speaking about this myth, those who still buy into it or the period when the myth arose, people may use the term â€Å"tragic mulatto.† But the term â€Å"mulatto† should never be used in casual conversation to describe a  biracial person. Terms such as biracial, multiracial, multiethnic or mixed are usually deemed non-offensive, with â€Å"mixed† being the most colloquial word on the list. Sometimes people use the terms â€Å"half-black† or â€Å"half-white† to describe mixed-race individuals. But some biracial people take issue with this because they believe these terms suggest that their heritage can be literally split down the middle like a pie chart when they view their ancestry as completely fused. So, as always, ask people what they wish to be called or listen to what they call themselves.

Surrealism in Fashion Elsa Schiaparelli and Yang Du Essay

Surrealism in Fashion Elsa Schiaparelli and Yang Du - Essay Example The essay "Surrealism in Fashion Elsa Schiaparelli and Yang Du" analyzes fashion and surrealism. The paper looks at the shift from the manifestation of the ‘future’ in the historical past to near subsequent dream world of Surrealist response, whereby the future as depicted in Salvador Dalà ­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s distorted timepieces in Persistence of Memory, removes the logic of ‘progress’ prior Modernist movements toward an organic incorporation of technology, rather than mere orchestration of the future. Influenced by both conventions of Italian Futurism and French Surrealist aesthetics, Elsa Schiaparelli’s designs in speak to this moment of transition in Inter-War History. The second half of the essay is an examination of current theoretical debates on the cumulative, and necessarily disjunctive quality of cultural productions, or the so-called â€Å"crisis of representation.† Following Walter Benjamin’s notions of ‘Ur’ history, whe re things of the past leave their traces for further reproduction in the future, I will draw on the visual technologies of advertising imagery of Europe’s inter-war regime(s) to access fundamental links between capital, political ideology, technology and the bodies of fashionistas. Thierry Mugler’s work is a candid and cheeky derivative of this history; making fun of fascism whilst promoting its aesthetic as impenetrable, yet sexy. In both of these fashion designers’ work, inscription of power on ‘the body’ through haute fashion culture, serves as a historical trace. ... The emergence of Surrealism within fashion, for instance, was marked by the birth of parallel aesthetic cultures in commercial advertising, and especially the incorporation of art photography. The first coherent movement dedicated to aesthetic pastiche, Surrealism set the tone for later movements like Deconstruction. The first half of the paper looks at the shift from the manifestation of the 'future' in the historical past to near subsequent dream world of Surrealist response, whereby the future as depicted in Salvador Dal's distorted timepieces in Persistence of Memory, removes the logic of 'progress' prior Modernist movements toward an organic incorporation of technology, rather than mere orchestration of the future. Influenced by both conventions of Italian Futurism and French Surrealist aesthetics, Elsa Schiaparelli's designs in speak to this moment of transition in Inter-War History. The second half of the essay is an examination of current theoretical debates on the cumulative, and necessarily disjunctive quality of cultural productions, or the so-called "crisis of representation." Following Walter Benjamin's notions of 'Ur' history, where things of the past leave their traces for further reproduction in the future, I will draw on the visual technologies of advertising imagery of Europe's inter-war regime(s) to access fundamental links between capital, political ideology, technology and the bodies of fashionistas. Thierry Mugler's work is a candid and cheeky derivative of this history; making fun of fascism whilst promoting its aesthetic as impenetrable, yet sexy. In both of these fashion designers' work, inscription of power on 'the body' through haute fashion culture, serves as a historical trace intended to transcribe the collection of next season's

Openning Trader Joe's in Canada Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Openning Trader Joe's in Canada - Assignment Example The mode of entry the company is focusing on is acquisition. This report discusses the viability of an international expansion into Canada utilizing the acquisition entry strategy. In order to penetrate a foreign market the managerial staff of a company must perform environmental scanning of the marketplace. Canada is the biggest market that is closest to the United States. The population of Canada is 32.32 million people whose gross domestic product per capita in 2005 was $32,645 (Studentsoftheworld). Canada is part of special trade treaty between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This trade treaty is called the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is a trade agreement that began on January 1, 1994 which removes most barriers to trade and investment among the three countries (Usda). The existence of this trade agreement means that Joe’s Trader would not have any problems gaining market entry through the acquisition mechanism. The people of Canada enjoy eating seafood and dairy products. Due to the French influence in its culture cuisine food items such as pea soup, French pastries, breads, crepes, special cheeses, lamb and veal are some of the food items Canadian citizens utilize in their homes on a daily basis (CultureGrams). The eating habits and preference for gourmet items is aligned well with the product offering of Trader Joe’s. The food market in Canada just as in other parts of the world is very competitive and profit margins are very low. Joe Trader has a product selection of upscale organic products, fresh vegetables and dairies, and many other cuisine food items that gives this firm a product differentiation which will enable to attract customer in market saturated with traditional supermarket stores. The chosen strategy for entry into the Canadian marketplace is acquisition. An acquisition is good strategy for Joe Trader because it would enable fast access for the company into Canada. An

Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Essay Hamlet is unique in its revenge genre as it has more than one revenge plots occurring within it. The Dominating one is of Hamlet and his desire to avenge his Father by killing his uncle. Throughout the play we see Hamlet in ideal situations to carry out his revenge, but choosing not to do so. In Act III Scene II we see Hamlet using the play that has been set up to try to test the innocence of his Uncle and king by gauging his reaction to a staging of the events of how he supposedly murdered Hamlets father. In this scene we see the so called ‘Mousetrap’ being played out as Hamlet witnesses Claudius reaction to the play and witnesses his reaction, from this he draws accurately that Claudius is guilty. He has confirmed the ghosts message as true, ‘O good Horatio I’ll take the ghost’s word for a thousand pound,’ and has from that found his resolve and is now fully willing to avenge his father by killing Claudius. From Claudius sudden exit ‘The king rises’ and his poor reason for doing so ‘Give me light. Away! ’ it leaves Hamlet and the audience fairly certain of Claudius guilt. This leads us to disagree that Hamlets methods of enacting revenge are ineffective as the ‘Mousetrap’ was very successful for Hamlet in finding his resolve and evidence for him to exact his revenge. To some extent though the Mousetrap was only effective for Hamlet as it convinced him that of Claudius’ guilt but it doesn’t wholly convince the audience and possibly Horatio, as we can see from Horatio’s lack of enthusiasm and joy but instead simply agreeing with Hamlet on what he saw not what he has drawn from it; ‘Hamlet: Upon the poisoning, Horatio: I did very well note him’. He like the reader, the queen and other members of the court will more likely to assume that it was Hamlet’s incessant taunting and insults that has disturbed the King and caused him to leave it in such a manner. The intended audience of this play which was a late Tudor/early Stuart one also may be more drawn to it as the idea of killing a brother, or uncle such as Hamlet intends, as one of the greatest atrocities of which man was capable which comes, like revenge, from the Romans, and may be more hesitant to accept that someone in such a position of power and noble birth should be incapable of. Also it seems far more likely that it is Hamlets taunts that has caused the kings unrest as the Mousetrap does not provide solid evidence of Claudius’ guilt and that it is more a dramatic imperative that Claudius is guilty of killing Hamlets father as otherwise the play would not fit the criteria of its genre and lead it on to a far cry from what is intended. From this we can see that Hamlet’s methods are ineffective but they have to be correct for the play to carry on. In Act III Scene we see Hamlet finding himself in an ideal situation to carry out his revenge, he has just discovered that Claudius is guilty of murdering his father and now has Claudius alone and unaware; prime for the kill. However Hamlet for some reason stays his blade, and chooses that this type of revenge is not for him, either a clash between his Christian ideals of ‘do unto others as done to you’ and his Renaissance Roman ideals of revenge. Somehow this culminates in Hamlet seeing this revenge as not being up to scratch as he sees it as leading to Claudius forgiveness in the eyes of God, ‘To take him in the purging of his soul, when he is fit and seasoned for passage? ’ Hamlet’s choice to not kill Claudius here leads to his own death as well as the needless death of all the other characters, it also shows how his methods of enacting revenge are ineffective as he was basically given Claudius on a silver platter but refused to kill him due to his ideals contradicting his desires. One can see Hamlets actions during the final scene to show his methods of revenge as being very effective. After witnessing the death of his mother and Laertes confessing to Hamlet about what Claudius has done, ‘The King, the King’s to blame. ’ Hamlet wastes no time in avenging his mother as he forces Claudius to finish the poison, ‘Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, Drink off the potion. This also could suggest that Hamlet’s previous delays in enacting his revenge were based only on non-conclusive evidence which in such a mind as Hamlets could very easily have manifested itself into doubt about what he had to do. But finally having conclusive concrete evidence of Claudius Hamlet does not delay in slaying him. Hamlets ability to carry out revenge seems to depend greatly on the presence of his mother and whether she is involved. We can see that when Hamlet is sent to speak with his mother after the Overall we can see in this that Hamlets methods of enacting revenge seem rather dependant on his state of mind, whether he is thinking rationally with a level head which leads to him procrastinating and overthink and subsequently be ineffective, or if his he is enraged, forced to react quickly, or spurned on by the presence of his mother whose presence infatuates and aggravates him. Overall though one must admit that Hamlet did in fact manage to kill Claudius which means to some extend are effective though not greatly as in doing so it lead to the deaths of almost all of the main characters in this play. Had Hamlet been more like his Fortinbras, who can be seen as a foil character, then he would have reacted upon learning immediately of Claudius guilt and slew him whilst he prayed but instead Hamlet delayed it and led to a more ineffective method of revenge.

Response of Fredrick Douglass to Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher S

Fredrick Douglass' Response to Uncle Tom's Cabin      Ã‚   Frederick Douglass was arguably the most prominent African American abolitionist during the mid-19th century. He established his notoriety through his narrative entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845. Frederick Douglass also produced an African American newspaper, Frederick Douglass' Paper, which highlighted the reception and critiques of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Frederick Douglass praised Uncle Tom's Cabin through not only his writing but in the critiques and letters contained in his newspaper. It is important to look at these reviews to understand Douglass' intentions. However, C.V.S. from the Provincial Freeman critiques Douglass' hypocrisy in his critique of Uncle Tom's Cabin.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglass provided a forum in his newspaper for critical reception of book. The first critique of Uncle Tom's Cabin that appeared in Frederick Douglass' Paper was by William G. Allen in the form of a letter. Overall his letter praised the novel; however, he did respond negatively to the colonization and racialism in the text. Another regular contributor to Douglass' newspaper named William J. Wilson, signed Ethiop, wrote a review praising the novel's reception in New York City. Ethiop writes, "This species of abolitionism finds its way into quarters here, hitherto so faced over with the adamant of... ...e Harris." Provincial Freeman. 22 Jul. 1854, unpaged. Douglass, Frederick. "Letter to Mrs. Stowe." 8 Mar. 1853. Frederick Douglass' Paper. 2 Dec. 1853, unpaged. Ethiop. "Review of Uncle Tom's Cabin." Frederick Douglass' Paper. 17 June 1852, unpaged. Harriet Beecher Stowe Center. 24 Mar. 2002  Ã‚   http://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/.   Levine, Robert S. "Uncle Tom's Cabin in Frederick Douglass' Paper: An Analysis of Reception." Uncle Tom's Cabin: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York: Norton, 1994. 523-542. Railton, Stephen. Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive. 24 Mar. 2002 < http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/utc/. >    Response of Fredrick Douglass to Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher S Fredrick Douglass' Response to Uncle Tom's Cabin      Ã‚   Frederick Douglass was arguably the most prominent African American abolitionist during the mid-19th century. He established his notoriety through his narrative entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845. Frederick Douglass also produced an African American newspaper, Frederick Douglass' Paper, which highlighted the reception and critiques of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. Frederick Douglass praised Uncle Tom's Cabin through not only his writing but in the critiques and letters contained in his newspaper. It is important to look at these reviews to understand Douglass' intentions. However, C.V.S. from the Provincial Freeman critiques Douglass' hypocrisy in his critique of Uncle Tom's Cabin.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglass provided a forum in his newspaper for critical reception of book. The first critique of Uncle Tom's Cabin that appeared in Frederick Douglass' Paper was by William G. Allen in the form of a letter. Overall his letter praised the novel; however, he did respond negatively to the colonization and racialism in the text. Another regular contributor to Douglass' newspaper named William J. Wilson, signed Ethiop, wrote a review praising the novel's reception in New York City. Ethiop writes, "This species of abolitionism finds its way into quarters here, hitherto so faced over with the adamant of... ...e Harris." Provincial Freeman. 22 Jul. 1854, unpaged. Douglass, Frederick. "Letter to Mrs. Stowe." 8 Mar. 1853. Frederick Douglass' Paper. 2 Dec. 1853, unpaged. Ethiop. "Review of Uncle Tom's Cabin." Frederick Douglass' Paper. 17 June 1852, unpaged. Harriet Beecher Stowe Center. 24 Mar. 2002  Ã‚   http://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/.   Levine, Robert S. "Uncle Tom's Cabin in Frederick Douglass' Paper: An Analysis of Reception." Uncle Tom's Cabin: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York: Norton, 1994. 523-542. Railton, Stephen. Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive. 24 Mar. 2002 < http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/utc/. >   

How important is that we are certain about what we claim as knowledge? Essay

How important is that we are certain about what we claim as knowledge? According to my opinion, it is crucial to identify what we claim as knowledge. The world has a lot of information but not all of them can be claimed as knowledge that is suitable to. Everything from your opinion to the life changing decisions you make are dependent on the knowledge that you identify as your own through your own perspectives and also through your experiences. To me, unnecessary knowledge is something a person does not have to have and does not need to be claimed by a person. To distinguish between necessary and unnecessary knowledge one must know what he or she believes in and would need to be steadfast to that topic. By doing this your knowledge will be refined, rather than flooded. By saying this, it does not mean that the knowledge you can collect should not be collected it is just that the knowledge that is refined to your stature is definitely going to help you better than any other knowledge that you collect that does not come under your scope. The importance of what we claim as knowledge differs from person to person and in the end the basic background and culture the person is from, will determine what knowledge he identifies and adores. All in all the knowledge that you have does not merely state what you know, it describes what kind of a person you are and how your life has been and will be! How important is that we are certain about what we claim as knowledge? According to my opinion, it is crucial to identify what we claim as knowledge. The world has a lot of information but not all of them can be claimed as knowledge that is suitable to. Everything from your opinion to the life changing decisions you make are dependent on the knowledge that you identify as your own through your own perspectives and also through your experiences. To me, unnecessary knowledge is something a person does not have to have and does not need to be claimed by a person. To distinguish between necessary and unnecessary knowledge one must know what he or she believes in and would need to be steadfast to that topic.

Chicken Ala Carte Essay

Thousands of people die every day due to hunger and malnutrition. This short film shows a forgotten portion of the society. The people who live on the refuse of men to survive. What is inspiring is the hope and spirituality that never left this people. It clearly displayed that hunger and poverty kicks as main problem of the society and some people are too blind to see it. The videography of the film was too shaky and some parts are blurry. This is actually effective for me as for the fact that it is a documentary and it made me feel like I am in the real setting of the event. Another element is the actors in the film. They portrayed their roles truly and they were really convincing which made the film so sympathetic and melancholic. The songs used in the later part of the film also added to the mood. The setting of the film was very dirty and crowded, enough components to represent a place where poverty is happening. The kids in the squatters’ area were also good representations of hunger and malnutrition in an isolated community. The most powerful part of the story, for me, was when the father tapped his kid on his hands, which cannot wait to eat, just because he forgot to pray. This showed me that even though things are getting to worse than expected, we still have to give thanks to Him for we are blessed that we still live this life with His spirit guiding us. It also displayed to me the spirituality of a man and his faith that is strong enough to continue living their lives. Furthermore, this film made me realize that I am so blessed. Many people out there struggle for food while I can easily buy them anywhere I wanted to. I can choose where to live while they cannot because they cannot afford a concrete shelter. These people are the ones in need and we must have time to reach out for them to have their chance of having a life with comfort. In addition, I couldn’t stop myself from having sympathy for those who are on the overlooked portion of our country for they are the ones who deserve to benefit the profit our country has earned. In this kind of situation, you can’t really avoid to demand that those people should be the one our government should be focusing on improving one’s life due to the fact that since they pursue themselves to the politics, it is their duty to serve their countrymen first before anything else. Aside from scarcity, I believe education is also the key to keep away from those kinds of circumstances in life because if you are a well-educated person, you will be aware of family planning and most especially you have the capability to earn money and buy foods in order for you and your family to survive.

How are the monetary tools used to stimulate THE ECONOMY when unemploy

How are the monetary tools used to stimulate THE ECONOMY when unemploy How are the monetary tools used to stimulate THE ECONOMY when unemployment is high? When addressing the problems of unemployment, the monetary tool, expansionary monetary policy comes into play. Expansionary policy makes every effort to stimulate the economy by increasing the sum of money in motion, along with equivalent reduction in interest rates. Expansionary monetary policy is put into motion by the central bank through the open market operation. This is the process of purchasing government bonds to increase the supply of money and lower interest rates. Lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply are done to help with the incentive for businesses to lend, invest, and overall expand. Because the banks and institutions that sold the central bank the debt have more cash, it is easier for them to make loans to its customers (Boundless). Interest rates for loans initially go down, allowing businesses to use the money for expansion. Expansion leads to more jobs to be filled, reducing unemployment rates. How are the monetary tools used to reduce or prevent inflation? The Federal Reserves most import job is to manage inflation while preventing a recession. Contractionary monetary policy is the type of monetary policy the Fed uses in attempt to slow down economic growth. Economic growth can be slowed when the money allowed into the market is limited. This action makes receiving loans more expensive. Most commonly monetary tool used to prevent inflation is the open market operation, which is the process of the Fed buying and selling securities. To prevent inflation securities are sold, forcing banks to buy them, to reduce capital and allow higher interest rate charges. Another tool is the process of raising the Reserve requirement. Raising the amount of money banks are required to reserve allows more to be kept out of rotation. Another tool used is the option of increasing the discount rate. This is the interest rate the Fed itself charges to allow banks to borrow funds from the Fed's discount window (Amadeo). The last tool the Fed may use is the Fed funds rate. This is the interest rate banks charge for loans they make to each other to maintain the Reserve requirement (Amadeo). Usually the Fed will change the Fed funds rate, before making changes the reserve requirement and discount rate. This monetary tool is a simple and gives the same results from raising either the reserve requirement or discount rate. Reference Amadeo, K. (n.d.). How Interest Rates Are Determined. Retrieved March 5, 2015, from http://useconomy.about.com/od/interestrateindicators/p/interest_rate.htm Boundless. The Effect of Expansionary Monetary Policy. Boundless Economics. Boundless, 14 Nov. 2014. Retrieved 03 Mar. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/monetary-policy-28/impact-of-fed-policies-119/the-effect-of-expansionary-monetary-policy-471-12567/

8 Steps to More Concise Writing

8 Steps to More Concise Writing 8 Steps to More Concise Writing 8 Steps to More Concise Writing By Mark Nichol You know you must streamline your writing, but the devil’s in the details. Here are some specifics about what to look for: 1. Remove Redundancy Avoid double-teaming terms like â€Å"a period of one week,† â€Å"end result,† â€Å"free gift,† and â€Å"personal opinion.† Watch for phrases that echo the quality in question: â€Å"oval in shape,† â€Å"larger in size,† â€Å"shorter in duration,† and the like. Omit redundant words that are already implied as part of an abbreviated term, such as machine in â€Å"ATM machine.† 2. Reduce Phrases to Words Replace a descriptive phrase following a noun with a one-word adjective that precedes the noun: â€Å"People who experienced at traveling know better than to label their luggage,† for example, can be revised to â€Å"Experienced travelers know better than to label their luggage. A modifying phrase, similarly, can be reduced to a simple adverb: â€Å"Sympathizing with her concerns, he nodded in response to her complaint,† for instance, is more concisely expressed as â€Å"He nodded sympathetically in response to her complaint.† Delete extraneous phrases such as â€Å"which is† and â€Å"who were,† as shown here: â€Å"We drove down Lombard Street, which is considered the crookedest street in the world† is easily simplified to â€Å"We drove down Lombard Street, considered the crookedest street in the world.† 3. Omit Gratuitous Intensifiers and Qualifiers Use adverbs that intensify or qualify in moderation: â€Å"They had an extremely unpleasant experience† isn’t accurate unless a subsequent explanation justifies the intensifier extremely, and â€Å"I was somewhat taken aback† isn’t necessarily an improvement on â€Å"I was taken aback.† 4. Expunge Expletives â€Å"There are† or â€Å"there is† is a weak way to start a sentence. â€Å"There is a telling passage toward the end of the story† lacks the focus of (and the more vivid verb in) the sentence â€Å"A telling passage occurs near the end of the essay.† 5. Negate Nominalizations â€Å"The report gave an analysis of the accident† uses a phrase where a single word suffices. (This is known as a nominalization, or smothering a verb.) When you see a â€Å"(verb) a/an (noun)† construction, convert the noun into a verb and replace the phrase with it. In this case, â€Å"The report analyzed the accident† is the more concise result. As with deletion of expletives, a stronger verb is an additional benefit. 6. Delete Superfluous Phrases â€Å"At the present time,† â€Å"for all intents and purposes,† and â€Å"in the event that† are just a few of many meaningless phrases that clutter sentences. Trim them to tighten your writing. 7. Avoid Cliches Likewise, â€Å"face the music,† â€Å"litmus test,† â€Å"tried and true† and other timeworn phrases add nothing to your writing but words; they’re useful only for padding a word count, but instructors and editors (and readers) will notice. 8. Eschew Euphemisms Generally, words that disguise concepts degrade language, which is all about expressing, not repressing, meaning. For example, â€Å"collateral damage,† in reference to warfare (and, by extension, to all interpersonal relationships), invites derision. However, use of some euphemisms, such as those for human disabilities, is a well-meaning effort to preserve the dignity of the disabled, though some people argue that such cosmetic wording actually harms people by diminishing the seriousness of their condition, or that it is for the benefit not of the disabled but of people who would rather not be reminded of the disabled. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowSit vs. Set

Final Project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final - Statistics Project Example It is the researcher’s belief that other data sets (particularly those about student aid) must be utilized to find out how government budget can affect enrollment in college or universities in the country. In an op-ed piece written by Jeff Madrick (2004), he said â€Å"higher education†¦will cure just about anything, from globalization and outsourcing to technological change and income inequality†. This view is of course subscribed to by many organizations and are calling for increased budget for education and other related programs. In fact, the University of Washington has published a report (University of Washington, 2011) showing the importance of financing higher education so as to ensure that the state of Washington will continue to allot budget for the university’s operations. Through government funding, the universities can maintain the excellence and access to research, hence continuing to enrich communities. To answer the questions above, we will use data on education from the National Data Book (US Census Bureau, 2011). Data from 2003-2008 will be used in this study. Because we want to determine the effect of government expenditure to enrollment in higher education, all figures presented focused only on public colleges and universities. We will use regression analysis in determining the trends in college enrollment, charges and expenditures in higher education institutions, as well as discovering the relationship between government funding and college enrollment while descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample further. Table 1 below shows that between 2000 to 2009, about 66% of all high school completers enrolled in college. Meanwhile, average enrollment in all higher education institutions slightly exceeded the 17,000,000 mark. Average annual tuition fee and in the US between the years 2000 to 2009 was at $3,443 while dormitories cost $3,251.20 on the average. School expenditures

Bruce Smith is a totally incompetent manager Essay

Bruce Smith is a totally incompetent manager - Essay Example The essay hereby proffers theories and concepts that aim to evaluate Bruce Smith’s performance as a manager of the Printery Section of Paper Partners, a small printing firm located in regional Queensland, owned and managed by Paul Southey Case Background Paul Southey is currently in a dilemma in terms of providing an appropriate evaluation for Bruce Smith, the Printery Manager of his firm, Paper Partners. As a manager, Smith’s subordinates rate him as exemplary and provided positive ratings. However, as a colleague and a co-manager, Smith was rated as a nightmare to work with, rude and with utter disregard of the other sections of the company. When confronted with his behavior, Smith admitted his primarily focus on his Printing section with minimal regard to the sales or packaging sections. In this regard, Southey needs to evaluate his behavior and determine the best course of action to solve the problem. Is Smith really an incompetent manager, as contended by other man agers of other departments? Or is Smith an effective manager but a poor colleague? Definition of Terms To support one’s arguments that Bruce Smith is considered a totally incompetent manager, one needs to qualify the definition for incompetence. The online dictionary defines incompetence as â€Å"the quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the incompetency of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts† (Webster, 1913). The term identifies insufficiency in qualifications. According to Alaspa (2008) in his article entitled Identifying incompetence,† Margaret Heffernan has assembled this list of the ten habits of total incompetence, to wit: (1) an inability to act; (2) failure to divulge crucial concerns; (3) oversensitivity; (4) refusal to deviate from procedure; (5) preference for weak candidates; (6) focusing on minute tasks; (7) inability to comply with deadlines; (8 )lack of recruitment skills; (9) reliance on consultants; and (10) work the longest† (Alaspa, 2008, pars. 2 – 11). The list however, identified habits or patterns of behavior that one has been accustomed to do. In analyzing the insufficiency of a manager to categorize him as totally incompetent, one needs to evaluate not only one’s technical skills, but interpersonal skills, as well. Robbins, et.al. (2008) averred that managers, to be effective, need to perform functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling (p.5) and assume ten roles grouped into interpersonal relationships, transfer of information, and decision-making (pp.5 – 7). Using these concepts, Smith’s performance can be evaluated first as a manager, using the comments from his subordinates and identifying the functions or skills manifested in the theories provided in various literatures. After which, Smith’s performance will also be evaluated as a colleague. Evaluation of Bruce Smith as a Manager The comments of Smith’s subordinates are enumerated and summarized, and the following managerial functions and skills manifested are identified as follows: SUBORDINATES COMMENTS MANAGER’S FUNCTIONS/SKILLS Nella McDonald Great to work for; gives Interpersonal skills (leader) credit for ideas and motivates Stephen Dye Good leader and problem Interpersonal skills (leader) solver Decisional (disturbance handler) Alex Brown Gives

Earth Science and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Earth Science and Society - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  geography has been based on physics and astronomy and has focused on both physical and human nature. The other scientific disciples mostly study living things in general. A good definition will entail the study of both non-living and living things on earth and also in space. The strength associated with geography is the ability of connecting all functioning interrelationship which are not usually noticed in simple defined schools of thought. The weakness with geography is that in most cases important facts on causes and effects are usually missed because of holistic understanding. The mentioned strength has made it possible to come up with theories which can be proved to be true, but the weakness has led to generalization of theories which are not necessarily true.According to the report  weather entails the events that happen on a daily basis in the atmosphere such as temperature, humidity and rainfall, and it varies from one environment to the other. Climate basically is the weather pattern of a particular wide area averaged over so many years. A town can experience the day’s weather to be wet, cold and rainy. The climate pattern of Antarctica is always rainy and stormy.  Greenhouse effect is the process by which the atmospheric airs consisting of water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide trap the heat from the sun and radiate it back to the surface of the earth.

Economic Development of East Asia

Economic Development of East Asia The East Asia Miracle: Lessons for the developing countries The East Asia region has been drawing global attention as fruits of its growth and development over the past thirty years continuously awe many. The most successful developing countries over the last half century apparently have come form this region. ­Ã‚  [1]  It has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth as 23 economies in it grew faster that those in other parts of the world.  [2]  However, when the Asian Financial Crisis hit this region in 1997 some structural and institutional weaknesses have cast doubt on the East Asian Miracle. Hasty recovery and resiliency which the region revealed in fighting off and prevailing over most of the negative drawbacks brought by the crisis was enough to sustain the belief in the miracle. Although East Asian economies applied varying strategies in their economic development, a salient and strong factor common to all is the presence and the role of the government in their development. East Asian countries have assume d a role of a developmental state in which the government played an important hands-on role in the process of industrialization and economic development.  [3]   Thus, understanding the economic development and experiences of East Asia may offer helpful lessons that other developing countries trapped in stagnation may want to consider. According to Thorbecke and Wan (2004) there are two critical factors and corresponding phases of development that occurred in East Asia. First, countries need to reach first a take-off point which emphasizes on promotion of education, to build up on human capital and the promotion of the agricultural sector in order to eventually finance investments on physical infrastructure. The second phase, development calls for industrialization that brings structural and technological upgrading.  [4]   First lesson implied in the first phase of development is that economic development cannot be hurried. There are certain processes that need to be readied before countries reach the take-off point. At the beginning of the development process a country is predominantly agrarian and the economy is relatively closed.  [5]  East Asian governments understood that the major mechanism for obtaining the resources needed to escape the poverty trap and for industrialization was through and inter-sectoral transfer out of agriculture. The major role of the agricultural sector was to generate the necessary capital to finance the outset of the industrialization process.  [6]  The main lesson to be drawn from the experience was summarized by Thorbecke and Morrison cited in the Revisiting East and (South East) Asias development model (2004): A lesson learned from those countries which were most successful in achieving both growth and equity throughout their development history (e.g. Taiwan and South Korea) is that a continuing gross flow of resources should be provided to agriculture in the form of such elements as irrigation, inputs, research and credit, combined with appropriate institutions and price policies to increase this sectors productivity and potential capacity of contributing an even larger flow to the rest of the economy In addition, the East Asian countries invested heavily on universal education with a long-term goal in mind. They spread of education in the rural areas provided farmers and their children the skills they need to operate in non-farming activities after the take-off.  [7]  They sponsored education of technical skills in the college level. This strategy resulted in a very competitive labor force able to man their industries.  [8]   In the second phase, East Asian economies recognized that the international economy is highly interdependent and that a development process of interdependence is much more favorable than individual growth.  [9]  Interaction among countries lets in trade, investment and technology transfer. East Asian economies took advantage of the positive spill over effects the interactions brought with it. It should be noted however that Thorbecke and Wan perceived of openness as a necessary yet insufficient condition for successful development. Catching up though is impossible without openness.  [10]   In an increasingly interdependent world, competition is much potent. To ensure high economic growth rate major structural changes like industrialization should undertaken. Structural changes needed by less developed countries require acquisition of technology. This is a step familiar to East Asian economies. They took advantage of the technology and knowledge transfer by making their countries attractive to foreign direct investments; they became subcontractors of high-tech firms and studied how they can localize the ideas and eventually create their own. Case in point is Taiwan which invested in industrial parks and attracted many foreign firms.  [11]  They acquired technology and idea transfer from joint ventures and foreign direct investments. Policies also played a great role in the development of East Asian economies. Although there are certain differences in the initial conditions for development and growth, economic development and growth pattern that East Asian economies that are common to them also is linked to growth factors and the policy system they adopted.  [12]   East Asian economies have growth led by investments, exports and enforcing of sound policies to support their industries. Moreover, the governments in East Asian countries are very much involved and unhesitatingly intervene in the market-oriented economies.  [13]  The role of the government is to maintain macroeconomic stability, overcome possible coordination failure and act as an intermediary in promoting growth initiations.  [14]  The economic system was based on wide ranging cooperative relationship between government and the local and transnational firms based in their country.  [15]   The industrial policies enforced seek to encourage the development of industries through various government measures such as tax incentives, Research and Development subsidies, credit allocation and protection against foreign imports.  [16]  In addition, the export-oriented industries did not develop without these particular measures of the government to accelerate investment in such industries; provision of infrastructure, universal education.  [17]  The role of the government was mainly to set up institutional policy foundations required for growth and overcoming coordination failures that can stop a the economy from flourishing.  [18]   The Asian Financial Crisis unearthed and exposed certain weaknesses of the East Asian economic model. Weak and inefficient financial systems, lack of corporate transparency and accountability, and widespread corruption became apparent after the crisis broke out.  [19]  This occurrence explicitly calls for constant improvement on institutions in the country which serves as the pillar of economic development. This is a lesson not only for developing countries but for the East Asian economies as well. The East Asia economic development model is applicable to the Philippines to a certain extent. The former policies and steps undertaken needed to be modified to suit the condition of the Philippines. The Philippines can consider setting its neighbors and the East Asia Miracle as benchmark of development and a goal to be achieved. The Philippines always has to remember that East Asian economies started modestly and took advantage and cultivated the initial conditions and resource endowments to their advantage. A step back to reexamine where the Philippines went wrong, why it seems to be experiencing a prolonged period at the take-off stage, would be a humble at the same time brave gesture on the part of the countries leaders. Although it may be too late to shift the focus back on agriculture because of changing conditions, it is still important that the government invest in infrastructure (i.e. farm-to-market roads) and R D as many in the country still rely on agriculture for a living ._ If it is possible that the government nurture the current industries it has and the agricultural sector at the same may be beneficial for the country. The Philippines have a lot of catching up to do, the East Asian miracle may also come true for the Philippines if it would only reconsider some of the policies being implemented and strengthen its institutions that would foster economic development. Sources: Chang, H. The Economic Theory of the Developmental State. 182-199. East Asia Analytical Unit. The Philippines: Beyond the Crisis . Manila: Department of Foreign  Affairs, 1998. Page, John. The East Asian Miracle: Four Lessons for Development Policy. NBER  Macroeconomics Annual, 1994: 219-269. Park, Jong. The East Asian Model of Economic development and developing countries.  Journal of Developing Societies, 2002: 330-335. Sakurai, Makoto. The Sustainable Development of East Asia and accompanying issues.  Economic and Social Research Institute, 2003. Thorbecke, E, and H Wan. Revisiting East and (South East) Asias development model. Cornell Conference on Seventy five years of Development. New York, 2004. 1-38. Wade. Lessons from East Asias Development Experience. 2005.

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay -- Violence Against

How does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these 'effects' of domestic violence on children and show that there is evidence of a clear relationship in which increasing parental violence is associated with increasing outcome risks (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.8). When a child witnesses domestic abuse it can have many different effects on the child. From my research I found that one of the most common effects on the child were mental health problems. In one study, conducted in New Zealand, young people that reported high levels of exposure to inter-parental violence had elevated rates of mental health problems (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.1). Some of the least severe mental health problems included anxiety, inability to focus, and nightmares (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). But these problems, which appear to be less severe, can also be the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). In a study conducted in 2001 the results indicated that higher levels of symptoms indicative of post traumatic stress were associated with children who have witnessed domestic violence (Hill & Nabors & Reynolds & Wallace & Weist, 2001, p.1). ?Children who have witnessed domestic violence are more likely to develop sy mptoms associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; that is, high levels of an... ... The Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, Retrieved February 10, 2002, from Expanded Academic ASAP database. Brescoll, V., & Graham, S.A. (2000). Gender Power and Violence: Assessing the Family Stereotypes of the Children of Batters. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 600- 612. Retrieved February 13, 2002, from PsycARTICLES database. Fergusson, D.M., & Horwood, L.J. (1998). Exposure to Interparental Violence in Childhood and Psychosocial Adjustment in Young Adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 339-357. Retrieved February 17, 2002, from Science Direct database. Hill, T.F., & Nabors, L.A., & Reynolds, M.W., & Wallace, J., & Weist, M.D. (2001). The Relationship between Gender, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Children who have Witnesses Domestic Violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1201-1206. Retrieved February 12, 2002, from Science Direct.

BPR and Enterprise Systems

Some of the factors that a process engineer should take into consideration when designing a BPR project includes the following; first of all the project engineer should consider developing a decision making framework, which should be relevant at the very initial stages of the project in relation to the project requirements and objectives as well as goals. The framework is the most important tool, which will be used through the whole life of the project.This factor is unique to the BPR projects as it is not taken into consideration in establishing the ERP projects (Portougal and Sundaram p13-150). The second factor is the recruitment of recognized individuals, who should be recognized persons from the various departments that they represent. These leaders will be required to participate in the various aspects of the project, especially the selection and implementation phases of the project.This is important as it will encourage free flow of information in carrying out the projects. Th e third factor is that, the engineer should take into consideration to the project management as well as planning measures, to ensure that innovation advances are encouraged in carrying out the project as well as avoid unnecessary project expenses (Harmon, Rosen and Guttman, p52-67).The fourth factor the engineer should consider should be the use of consultants as, well as the decisions of the peers where a given proportion of the project is assigned to the outsiders to encourage the application of new knowledge skills which will improve the project. Finally, among other considerations the project engineer should consider developing a kind of special office environment which will be deciced to the project team.So as to improve on the performance of the project, the engineer should consider the training programs which will enable the project team members to improve on their performance skills. Some of the factors that are considered to be unique in relation to the BPR projects, when considered with the other projects are that the process is carried out as a continuous process, whereby evaluations are carried out on a regular basis to improve on the areas with display some forms of difficulties (Portougal and Sundaram p13-150).Some of the problems encountered while undertaking the BPR projects include the organizations failing to offer the necessary support in carrying out the projects; many of the projects fail to take off well in cases where the organizational resources are not dedicated in carrying out the projects. In such situations, the management of the project does not carry out strategic planning activities, which will seek to establish the market focus for their project.In relation to that, the project may have been initiated by the wrong people or in the wrong department in the organization, which does not initiate the management of the organization to dedicate its resources as they feel they may lose in the process (Harmon, Rosen and Guttman, p52-67) . The other difficulty experienced in carrying such kind of projects is that the work groups, which are involved in carrying out the project activities lack inspiration, as well as innovation tactics in carrying out the projects, and this are the most important requirements for the success of the projects.This can be caused by the management of the organization as well as that of the project injecting too much pressure on the project members, and also the participants would lack the needed knowledge and skills to carry out the project activities. On the other hand, there are problems in cases where underestimations are made in relation to carrying out the project activities. In any BPR project, there is usually social career as well as the procedural dimension which need to be carried out to ensure that the project is successful.The problem in this area arises as to the management of the human aspects, which involve change that is usually comprehensive to manage as compared to other environmental changes (Portougal and Sundaram p13-150). To address the issue of support from the organization when carrying out the BPR projects, there is need for the management of the organization to come up with ways in which they allocate the resources of the company towards the projects by developing budgets before the projects are implemented.So as to ensure the project members will carry out their project activities well, the training programs should be used to initiate competency in the project members. To improve their morale to work, they should be compensated according by initiating a number of remuneration packages that will be of benefit to the project members. Considering that the management of change is an issue in carrying out the BPR projects, it is important for the management of the organization to initiate flexible management structures, which would initiate a culture of change within an organization before the projects are undertaken.In doing so, the project me mbers will find it more ease to adapt to changes in the project activities, as they will have been used to a culture of change (Langer, p268-230). Given that most of the projects fail as a result of inefficiencies in the management functions, the is need for the management of the organization and that of the project to carry out strategic management activities before and as they carry out the project activities. This is to ensure that the uncertainties in the future of the project are dealt with in a more efficient way.The advantages of carrying strategic planning activities is that they enable an organization to handle its strengths and weaknesses as well as the emerging business opportunities at the market place and in that way could be able to come up with effective strategies. This will enable the project management team and the organization to utilize their potential in achieving project success with the limited resources (Harmon, Rosen and Guttman, p52-67). In carrying out BPR projects they are usually a number of tools that can be used in carrying out the requirements of the project.One of these tools includes the use of the IT architecture. In using this instrument a number of packages have been developed which could enable the user to carry out the different aspects of the project, which include process analysis to redesigning as well as project modelling. The tool enables the organization to determine the difference between the level of work required to be carried out in a given project, and the ways in which the difference can be narrowed so as to achieve the objectives of the project.Despite the tool being useful to the organization, it seems to a complex technique in carrying out the project activities and sometimes could act as a hindrance to the various project activities, which could affect the general results off the projects. The challenge which comes from the use of this tool is that it demands that the decisions of the project needs to be m ade early enough, so as to make the necessary adjustments as the project progresses and within a limited time period (Langer, p268-230).So as to deal with this major challenge in the use of the IT architecture, there is need to simplify the technique so as to enable the project members to implement its use with ease. In addition to that, early planning measures need to adopt. Some of the common goals that are aimed at in carrying out the BPR and enterprise systems involve; analyzing as well as suggesting ways in which the organization can be able to improve on it most critical business activities, which form part of the organizational structure.This is all intended at increasing the general performance of the organization, so as to create value for the various stakeholders of the organization (Langer, p268-230). The second most important goal relates to the successfully coordinating the various resources of the organization such as its hardware, software and many others so as to mak e them be in line to the organizational culture thus achieve an optimally functioning organization system.Some of the similarities between the BPR and the enterprise system are that, they both are focused towards initiating change in the organization, which will eventually improve on the performance level of the organization. The main difference between the two approaches is that the process orientation in the two is totally different. In BPR, the manner in which change is initiated is through innovations and also encompassing of knowledge which has been used in the past, whereas for the enterprise approach such measures are not taken into consideration (Langer, p268-230).BPR is considered to be more suitable especially if it is done in appropriate manner in carrying out organizational change, which is one of the ingredients needed to create value for the customers. On the other hand, the BPR projects can involve the customers in initiating the creation of value thus end up engaging the organizational members in activities that will seek ;to establish a competitive advantage for the organization (Harmon, Rosen and Guttman, p52-67).The enterprise system is more suitable in situations where trade offs need to be made between the various project techniques that need to bring about change in the organization under various situations (Harmon, Rosen and Guttman, p52-67). References Portougal, V, Sundaram, D. Business processes: operational solutions for SAP implementation. Idea Group Inc (IGI), 2005. Harmon, P, Rosen, M and Guttman, M. Developing E-business systems & architectures: a manager's guide. Morgan Kaufmann, 2001. Langer, A. Analysis and Design of Information Systems. Springer, 2007.